Liver MGR

Additional Ingredient Details and Research:

Milk Thistle Extract (Silymarin standardized 80%)
Milk Thistle is an amazing herb and one of the most effective herbals in helping to detoxify the liver. It contains silymarin, a flavonoid complex. However, unlike other flavonoids, the action of silymarin is almost entirely relegated to the liver and the kidneys. In Europe, silymarin is commonly prescribed by physicians for liver-related disorders because it is so effective. After it is ingested, it is absorbed in the intestines, where it moves from the blood plasma to the bile and is concentrated in the liver cells. It is so effective at removing toxins that it is more proficient than any known drug or herb in treating and preventing morbidity in Amanita mushroom poisoning ⁴ .  Consider that even with early medical intervention, the death rate is usually 30-40% ⁵.  Clinical studies have shown that silymarin is beneficial in the treatment of low platelet counts, abnormal liver function, and alcohol-induced liver disease and chronic hepatitis ⁶ .  Patients who have suffered from toxic liver damage, cirrhosis, and chronic hepatitis have responded favorably to the benefits of silymarin. In a double blind study, patients with chronic alcoholic liver disease who were given silymarin were found to have effectively increased their immune system function, improved several liver function tests and beneficially altered liver histology ⁷ .  This herb has been shown to protect the liver from the many toxins we encounter in our daily lives. Silymarin is so important in maintaining liver health and it is essential in a good antioxidant formula.

Curcumin from Turmeric Root Extract Curcuma longa with 95% Curcuminoids)
Curcuminoids are known to be effective blood purifiers, tonics, and stomachics, and are used as a treatment for liver and urinary tract diseases. Clinical studies have shown that curcuminoids are significantly more effective than pine bark extract or grape seed extract in preventing the buildup of tissue-injuring free radicals, especially those responsible for cardiovascular disease lipid peroxides ⁸.  Curcuminoids are eight times (8x) more powerful than vitamin E in their ability to prevent lipid peroxidation. Lipid peroxidation is a free radical chain reaction that is normally produced by liver metabolism and inflamed tissues in the body ⁹. Curcuminoids have a major anti-inflammatory effect on rheumatoid arthritis. In a double-blind clinical trial, curcumin produced significant improvement in 100% of the rheumatoid arthritis patients ¹⁰. Curcumin has shown to be effective against a variety of cancers in both animal and human studies. Some patients responded with a “dramatic clinical improvement within days”. ¹¹ Curcumin has been effective in detoxifying cigarette smoke mutagens and carcinogens¹² .  This compound has shown to have antimicrobial properties. It has been found to inhibit the growth of gram negative bacteria, fungi and Entamoeba histolytica, a protozoan parasite that causes severe devastation in patients with weakened immune and liver function ¹³. It is one of the few medicinals that is effective against Aspergillus parasiticus, an aflatoxin which is known to cause injury to the liver and is suspected to be one of the causes of liver cancer ¹⁴ .  Studies now show that curcuminoids can effectively inhibit HIV, the virus believed to cause AIDS.^15,16 One of the reasons that curcuminoids may be so effective is that they increase the levels of glutathione S-transferase. This enzyme is perhaps the most important enzyme in the detoxification of tissue, especially of the liver. Another interesting fact is that curcuminoids were found to protect patients from tissue damage by some anticancer drugs, environmental toxins and pollutants. Interestingly, the drugs were generally more effective and less toxic when combined with curcuminoids.¹⁷   Liver MGR_x uses the most effective form of Curcuminoids available, a high quality Curcumin complex, in an amount that has been shown to produce the beneficial effect on health and well being.

Ginkgo Biloba Extract (24% ginkgo flavone glycoside)
Ginkgo Biloba extract is derived from the ginkgo tree, one of the hardiest and longest-lived trees in the world. Some live to be over 1,000 years old! It's not surprising, then, that the extract from these trees is used the world over to promote longevity, increase blood circulation to the brain as well as the rest of the body, as a remedy for cancer, venereal disease, asthma, and to increase sexual energy. In recent years, the scientific community has spent a great deal of energy investigating this remarkable herb in relation to its efficacy as a circulatory stimulant, as a treatment for senility and Alzheimer’s disease, and as a potent antioxidant. Ginkgo not only improves blood circulation, it protects red blood cells and increases blood vessel tone, increases the uptake of oxygen and glucose in body tissue, and protects cell membranes in the brain as well as protecting the brain from free radical destruction and lipid peroxidation.¹⁸  The European medical community has recognized ginkgo as an effective compound in the treatment of cerebral insufficiency and for use in the treatment of dementia and Alzheimer's disease.¹⁹ The results of clinical trials confirm that treatment with ginkgo improved cognitive performance and psychopathology to the point that patients exhibited an increased ability to cope with the demands of daily living. In another study, it was found that ginkgo scavenges primary and secondary free radicals. Still another reported gingko inhibits functional and morphological retinal damage due to lipoperoxide release and oxidation.²⁰ A French study showed that pretreatment with ginkgo extract limits free-radical-induced oxidative stress in patients who had coronary bypass surgery.²¹ There is no doubt that ginkgo biloba extract is a powerful antioxidant and cognitive memory enhancer. Liver MGR_x adds a significant amount of the most effective Ginkgo extract available.

High Quality Grape Seed Extract, with 95% Proanthocyanidins
We have all heard about the remarkable benefits of drinking red wine in the prevention of heart disease. Recently, clinical studies have shown that proanthocyanidins from the grapes contained in red wine are probably responsible for these beneficial aspects. This extract is an all natural grape seed extract rich in biologically active flavonoids made by a unique process that eliminates the need for the toxic chemicals usually used in the process of extracting flavonoids. This extract is more readily absorbed and has a higher bioavailability than other dietary flavonoids. Biologically active flavonoids are potent antioxidant nutrients that neutralize free radicals, help maintain normal blood platelet function, help reduce the risk of cancer, boost the immune system and help retard the aging process. Proanthocyanindins (pycnogenols) are remarkable in their ability to scavenge free radicals and can thereby reduce the risk of dis-ease states caused by oxidation in the body and brain.²² University studies have shown that the antioxidant activity of this extract is significantly greater than that of vitamins C, E, or beta carotene. This extract’s ability to scavenge superoxide anion radicals was about 75% greater than natural vitamin E succinate and over 300% greater than vitamin C. The recommended daily dosage of proanthocyanidins is 50-100 mgs. Liver MGR_x contains 150 mgs of this extract.

Vitamin A (from Beta Carotene)
Beta carotene is the preferred form of vitamin A because it is non-toxic and provides greater protection against cancer and is an antioxidant which attributes to its anti-cancer activity.²³ Beta carotene has been shown in over 300 studies filed with the National Cancer Institute to have anti-cancer activities, especially in the promotional stage.²⁴ It is known to help prevent certain types of cancer, prevent or reduce the incidence of heart disease and to help lower cholesterol. Besides being an effective antioxidant, beta carotene has immune stimulating properties that are not found in vitamin A, for it actually enhances the proliferation of T and B lymphocytes and the production of macrophages and interleukins, and has natural killer cell tumoricidal abilities.^25,26 Vitamin A is important for weak eyesight, night blindness, and various other eye problems. This vitamin is necessary to build and maintain strong bones, teeth, gums, and beautiful hair and is essential for healthy skin. Vegetarians usually have a much greater intake of beta-carotenes then carnivorous humans which may account for their greater resistance to cancer, heart disease, and their having more beautiful hair and skin. This vitamin helps build resistance to respiratory infections and is necessary for proper functioning of the immune system. It is known to remove age (liver) spots. Liver MGR_x includes 2,500 IU of beta carotene from Dunaliella salina, a microscopic algae which produces one of the richest and most well-absorbed sources of beta carotene available. Besides being the finest source of beta carotene, Dunaliella Salina contains many other nutritional benefits that algae have.

Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid from Ascorbyl Palmitate and beet sugar)
Vitamin C is essential to the body as both an antioxidant and as a nutritional supplement. It prevents scurvy, a deficiency disease which results in bleeding gums, poor wound healing, and extensive bruising. Another one of vitamin C's primary functions is the manufacture of the protein collagen, which is a primary component of all connective tissue. While there has been a great deal of controversy about the role of vitamin C in enhancing immune system function, there is evidence that it can improve the immune system, prevent the formation of blood clots, improve lung function, speed the healing of wounds and help in the prevention of cancer. Studies have shown that vitamin C protects cellular structures from the effects of oxidation. As a free radical scavenger, vitamin C is considered by some to be the body's most important antioxidant. It protects the eyes from the effects of ultraviolet light, helps prevent cataracts, and helps to prevent cardiovascular disease by impeding fats from being oxidized. It can prevent dangerous nitrites from being converted to nitrosomes compounds, which are the cause of oral and gastric cancers among smokers and those who chew tobacco, and it protects against the effects of pollution. Vitamin C works synergistically with vitamin E and can regenerate vitamin E as it becomes depleted (and toxic to the body in the process) in its own fight against free radicals. It has a synergistic and reciprocal relationship with glutathione: ascorbate spares glutathione and increases mitochondrial glutathione in glutathione deficient animals. Glutathione and vitamin C work together in protecting mitochondria from oxidative damage.^27,28 Vitamin C, along with thiamin and cysteine, provides complete protection against free-radical acetylaldehyde destruction in animals.²⁹ Liver MGR_x includes 60 mg of ascorbic acid from ascorbyl palmitate and beet sugar, a superior source of vitamin C.Vitamin E (Natural d-alpha tocopheryl succinate)Vitamin E is one of the most potent of antioxidants. It is of crucial significance in many dis-eases, including arthritis, cataracts, diabetes, heart disease, and cancer. Various studies have shown that this vitamin can reverse tumor growth in animals.^30,31,32 It is important for those who exercise strenuously or are exposed to air pollution, and is essential in helping to slow down the aging process. It helps supply oxygen to the body, thereby increasing endurance. It helps prevent and dissolve blood clots, reduce fatigue, reduce scar formation, accelerate the healing of burns, and helps to lower blood pressure . It helps prevent miscarriages and stop leg cramps.³³ Vitamin E is known to stop various free radical chain reactions dead in their tracks. Vitamin E protects fats from free radical destruction (lipid peroxidation or rancidity) throughout the body. It prevents red blood cells from sticking together; protects beta carotene from destruction by free radicals (oxidation); helps produce superoxide dismutase.(SOD); helps protect the body from carcinogens, heavy metals, and industrial chemicals; reduces side effects from chemotherapeutic drugs; improves blood flow to the hands and feet; raises levels of high density lipoproteins (HDL) in the blood; reduces non-cancerous lumps in the breast; helps lessen scarring, internally and externally, after surgery or injury; improves immune function; and reduces hot flashes. Anemia, muscle degeneration, reproductive disorders, incoordination, easy bleeding, and “liver spots” (accumulations of brownish colored pigmentation on skin) are all indicators of Vitamin E deficiency.³⁴

Bioflavonoids (Vitamin P): Citrus Bioflavonoids (Quercetin, Hesperidin, and Rutin)
Flavonoids are plant pigments that provide the yellow and orange color in citrus. The “P” in vitamin P stands for permeability, and the main function of bioflavonoids is to increase capillary strength, reduce permeability, and regulate absorption. They assist vitamin C in keeping connective tissues healthy. Bioflavonoids, such as quercetin, hesperidin, and rutin, are indicated in all inflammatory and allergic conditions , for they control the factors involved in these conditions. Quercetin is consistently the most active of the flavonoids and is indicated for all inflammatory and allergic conditions, including asthma, hay fever, rheumatoid arthritis, and lupus, as well as in the treatment of diabetes and cancer.^35,36,37 This bioflavonoid inhibits the manufacture and release of histamine and other allergic/inflammatory mediators. It has proven to be a potent antioxidant. Quercetin has been shown to be highly effective in reducing diabetic complications, such as cataracts, neuropathy, and retinopathy. It enhances insulin secretion, protects the pancreatic beta-cells from the damaging effects of free radicals, and inhibits platelet aggregation. Quercetin has shown significant antitumor activity against many cancers, such as squamous cell carcinoma, leukemia, and cancers of the breast, ovaries, colon, and rectum, as well as cancers found in the brain. It has been found that quercetin and rutin not only can slow down cancer, but may reverse cancer cells back to normal healthy cells.³⁸ Quercetin dramatically inhibits the growth of stomach cancer cells in humans.³⁹ Flavonoids possess significant antiviral activity, especially herpes virus type I, para-influenzae 3, polio virus type I, and respiratory syncytial virus. It is suggested for the “common cold”.⁴⁰ Quercetin is indicated in capillary fragility, easy bruising and swelling. In order to provide you with a complete compliment of bioflavonoids, Liver MGR_x includes 30 mg. of Citrus Bioflavonoid in his antioxidant formula.

Lipoic acid (Thioctic Acid)
There is probably no other nutrient as important as Lipoic acid, because it is essential for so many different metabolic processes, including cellular metabolism and energy production. After the body has utilized what it needs for metabolism, the excess amounts of lipoic acid are used as antioxidants. One advantage lipoic acid has over other antioxidants is that it is a very small molecule and it is both water- and fat-soluble. Lipoic acid has access to just about every tissue in the body and it is thought to be particularly important in protecting the integrity of neural (brain) tissue.⁴¹ Lipoic acid helps to protect the liver and detoxifies tissues of heavy metals, such as lead, mercury, cadmium, copper and iron. Interacting with vitamins C and E, it helps to conserve them during the onslaught of free radicals. When the body is deficient in lipoic acid, the synergy of other antioxidants is impeded and the network fails. This synergy is more critical when we are under the influence of disease and stress. Another important activity of lipoic acid is its role as an antioxidant nutrient which helps to protect our bodies from heart disease, cancer, aging and about “eighty other diseases”. Lipoic acid is a key compound for producing energy in muscles and an important link in the vital antioxidant network. Lipoic acid is an essential “key” that unlocks the energy from food calories. The energy released is available for everything our bodies need to do. Lipoic acid normalizes blood sugar levels and can reduce the damage that sugar causes. In Europe, lipoic acid is used to treat peripheral neuropathy, or the damage to peripheral nerves caused by diabetes. Some other known benefits of lipoic acid are its ability to improve the physique, combat free radicals, protect our genetic material, slow aging, protect our genetic material and the nervous system and slow the progression of HIV infection. Liver MGR_x contains 40 mgs of the highest quality lipoic acid available.

Zinc (Zinc L-Monomethione)
Zinc L-monomethionine has been shown to be the preferred form of zinc for both its bioavailability and absorption. Zinc is an essential trace element that is found in nearly all body tissue and in more than 60 different enzymes. Among the trace minerals, only iron is found in greater concentrations. Zinc is a vital element in protein synthesis, nucleic acid metabolism, and healthy immune system function. Zinc has been found to be an excellent natural antioxidant. Like many other antioxidants, stress, infection and physical exercise increase the amount of zinc used by the body and decrease the amount of zinc available to counteract the effects of oxidation and disease. Chronic zinc deficiency has been linked to a number of different problems including skeletal abnormalities, retarded growth in children, decreased productivity of vitamin A (even if there is plenty of vitamin A available), skin disorders, including acne, delayed wound healing, malabsorption syndromes, impotence, hair loss, frequent and severe infections, and greater vulnerability to cancer.⁵⁴ In addition to preventing the development of the aforementioned disorders, this form of zinc has been shown to protect cells and tissue from free radical damage by limiting their production, competing with pro-oxidant metals for binding sites, and by protecting molecules that are easily oxidized to form free radicals. According to a study conducted at the University of California Davis, this form of zinc helped to reduced excess levels of superoxide free radicals and to detoxify cellular membranes by displacing heavy metals and toxins from body tissues. Liver MGR_x includes 5 mg of this form of zinc which is 33% of the recommended daily allowance.

Chromium Polynicotinate (a Niacin-bound: Chromium)
Chromium is an essential trace element required for the metabolism of fat, protein, and carbohydrates. It is a key factor of the glucose tolerance factor or GTF. Chromium works with insulin to facilitate the uptake of glucose into the cell membrane receptor sites. Without chromium, blood sugar levels become elevated because the proper action of insulin is blocked. Chromium supplementation is indicated for the treatment of both diabetes and hypoglycemia. In addition to regulating blood sugar, chromium has been shown to lower body weight while increasing lean muscle mass, and lower cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Of the chromium supplements, chelated or niacin-bound chromium is more bioavailable than chromium picolinate or chromium chloride - an inorganic source of chromium. Chromium is actually lost through the urine in response to the consumption of refined foods, strenuous exercise, infections, physical trauma and illness, and emotional stress. Chromium levels decline as we age. supplementation of chromium is important for vegetarians in particular, because fruits and vegetables have very low levels of chromium. The minimum suggested amount of chromium is 50 mcg/day. Liver MGR_x contains 50 mcg of niacin-bound chromium, the most effective available.

Selenium (L-Selenomethionine)
Selenium significantly enhances the activity of vitamin E and is an essential component of glutathione peroxidase, one of the body's most important antioxidant enzymes. Selenium has been shown to have the properties needed to stimulate the immune system; protect the body against peroxide metabolites, radiation and free radicals; detoxify the body of environmental carcinogens; and protect the liver. Selenium deficiency has been associated with AIDS, cancer, arthritis, Crohn’s disease, anemia, MS, asthma, and low sperm counts, as well as other diseases and conditions.⁵⁵ Even small doses of selenium can significantly enhance the cancer-fighting activity of Natural Killer cells in laboratory animals.⁵⁶ Selenium is essential for glutathione activity and helps protect the liver, kidneys, and pancreas from damage. Selenium appears to have a cancer-protective activity in addition to its antioxidant capacity in lipid metabolism⁵⁷. It helps prevent heart disease and cancer and protects the heart, lungs, liver, and blood cells from free radical damage. It is known to help detoxify chemical carcinogens.⁵⁸ It can reduce or prevent damage to the body from heavy metals. High dosages, which are the equivalent of 54 mg/daily in humans, produce an 83-90% reduction in the rate of tumor growth in mice.⁵⁹ Cancer mortality has been shown to be greater in areas where selenium content of soil is low.^60,61,62,63 There is a significant inverse correlation of cancer mortality of the breast, ovary, lung and leukemia that has been observed with selenium intake in humans.⁶⁴ Studies have revealed that maximum reduction in tumor frequency occurs when supplemental selenium is provided throughout life.⁶⁵ Selenium has the ability to buffer heavy metals and chemotherapeutic drugs; however, these toxic substances can inactivate or use up the body's supply. Under these conditions, selenium supplementation may be essential.⁶⁶ Of the different forms of selenium, L-selenomethionine, the organic form of selenium, has been found to be more bioavailable than the inorganic forms of selenium. Liver MGR_x uses 100 mcg. of the most effective form available - L-Selenomethionine.

N-Acetyl L-Cysteine (NAC)
L-Cysteine is a sulfur-containing amino acid and a free radical scavenger. While much of the research has been conducted using the n-acetyl form of cysteine, there have been studies that have shown that L-Cysteine may be more effective than N-acetylcysteine (much of which converts to cysteine in the body), which is a more processed form of cysteine, especially in its ability to convert to glutathione.⁶⁷ Though there are many beneficial reasons to use L-cysteine, one of the most important is that it is one of the precursors necessary to increase the body's level of glutathione, a tripeptide amino acid vital to the body both as an antioxidant and for its ability to remove toxins, particularly from the liver, lungs and intestines.⁶⁸ And like glutathione, cysteine has the ability to protect the liver from the harmful effects of toxins, including cytotoxic, chemotherapeutic agents used in the treatment of cancer.⁶⁹ L-cysteine helps build muscle, burn fat, and dissolve mucus. It is suspected to be able to repair DNA and, theoretically, extend the life span. It has been utilized in the removal of heavy metals, such as lead, copper, mercury, cadmium, and cobalt.⁷⁰ It is so efficient as a detoxifier that it is an effective antidote in protecting the liver from the harmful effects of acetaminophen poisoning and should be recommended for those who regularly use this and other over-the-counter anti-inflammatories^.71 L-Cysteine is essential for adequate utilization of B6. It is a powerful scavenger of hydrogen peroxide, a free radical that can destroy healthy tissue. Cysteine has been prescribed for specific respiratory conditions because it can liquefy mucus that has thickened in the lungs^.72 There is evidence that L-Cysteine may be important in the prevention of cancer. It is an important component of Liver MGR_x.

Glutathione (99% reduced)
Glutathione (GSH) is a tripeptide amino acid comprised of glutamate, cysteine and glycine. Glutathione is involved in a number of biologic processes, including transport, metabolism, and protection of the body from both endogenous and exogenous toxins, and is a powerful antioxidant as well.⁷³ Glutathione is of particular importance to those organs that are constantly taxed by toxins, drugs, and unhealthy foods including the liver, kidneys, lungs and intestines. In terms of its antioxidant abilities, glutathione not only reduces the amount of free radical damage, it prevents the depletion of other antioxidants.⁷⁴ GSH is a substrate for other vital antioxidant enzymes, most importantly, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione-S-transferase which assists in the liver's metabolism of toxins.^75,76 For this reason, GSH is imperative to the health of the liver and the other organs of the body. Clinical studies have shown that GSH protects the liver against the harmful, cytotoxic effects of chemotherapy and radiation.⁷⁷ Glutathione helps metabolize carcinogens, activates certain immune cells, and may assist in the inhibition of angiogenesis, a blood-vessel-forming process necessary for tumor growth.⁷⁸ It has been shown that there is a direct correlation between liver disease in chronic alcoholics and depleted levels of GSH, and decreased levels have been found in a number of other dis-ease states, including, HIV, pulmonary disease, cancer, Parkinson's disease, and kidney dysfunction.⁷⁹ On the other hand, higher levels of GSH have been associated with good health. In a study conducted by Julius et al, GSH levels were measured in 33 people ranging between 60 and 79 years of age. They found that there was a direct relationship between higher GSH levels and increasing age with good health, and less disease, than that of the age-matched subjects with lower GSH levels.⁸⁰

Co-Enzyme Q 10
Co-Enzyme Q 10 is an enzyme that is essential in the production of energy in cells and is a powerful antioxidant and free radical scavenger. Though the body manufactures its own CoQ10, it usually produces less with aging, during stress or disease. Any kind of stress increases the demand for more CoQ10, and that includes disease and athletic workouts. Conversely, the less exercise people do, the less efficiently they use CoQ10. When other antioxidants are available in the body, especially adequate amounts of beta carotene, vitamin E, and selenium, CoQ10 works more effectively and can significantly reduce free-radical damage in the liver, kidneys, and heart.⁵⁰ Studies have shown that CoQ10 significantly helps muscular energy metabolism. CoQ10 is usually abundant in the heart where it is needed as a source of energy. In a clinical study conducted in Italy, 2,500 patients diagnosed with heart failure were given from 50-150 mgs of CoQ10 daily. After 3 months, it was found that over 70% of the subjects suffered less cyanosis (turning blue from lack of oxygen), edema, sweating, palpitations, and vertigo.⁵¹ CoQ10 protects the body from cardiovascular disease and, when used along with vitamins and minerals, has caused breast tumors to reverse and disappear. Studies have shown that CoQ10 may improve the immune function and increase macrophage activity.⁵² A two year study involved 32 breast cancer patients who were given 90mg. of CoQ10 daily. At the end of two years all patients were still alive and 6 had partial remissions. One of the six was given 390mg. of CoQ10 daily and within 3 months the tumor was eliminated.⁵³ Liver MGR_x contains some Co-Enzyme Q 10.

Footnotes for part one: 1 Vitamins and Minerals in the Prevention and Treatment of Cancer, by Maryce M. Jacobs, pg. 105 2 Hamdorf, G. Thioctic Acid - A Rational Study for the Treatment of Diabetic Polyneuropathy,Experimental Clinical Endocrinology And Diabetes, vol 104, pg. 126-127, 1995. 3 Packer, L., Tritshchler, H.J., Wessel, K. Neuroprotection by the Metabolic Antioxidant Alpha-lipoic Acid. Free Radic Biol Med. vol 22(1-2), pg. 359-378, 1997. 4Hruby, K. Deathcap Fungus Poisoning. Intensivmed., vol 24 pg. 269-274. 5Milk Thistle. The Liver Herb, by Christopher Hobbs, pg. 5 6Muzes, G, et al. Effects of Silymarin (Legalon) Treatment on the Antioxidant Defense System and Lipid Peroxidation in Patients With Chronic Alcoholic Liver Disease. A Double Blind Study. Orvosi Hetilap . vol 131, pg 86, 1990. 7Feher, J. et al. Hepatoprotective Activity of silymarin (Legalon) Therapy in Patients with Chronic Alcoholic Liver Disease. Orvosi Hetilap ., vol 130, pg. 2723, 1989. 8 Curcuminoids - antioxidant phytonutrients, by Muhammed Majeed, Ph.D., Vladimir Badmaev, M.D., Ph.D., Uma Shivakumar, Ph.D., R. Rajendran, M.S., page 10. 9Curcuminoids - antioxidant phytonutrients, by Muhammed Majeed, Ph.D., Vladimir Badmaev, M.D., Ph.D., Uma Shivakumar, Ph.D., R. Rajendran, M.S., page 34. 10 Deodhar, S.D. et al. Preliminary studies on anti-rheumatic activity of curcumin. Ind. J. Med. Resl, vol 71, pg 632, 1980 11Curcuminoids - antioxidant phytonutrients, by Muhammed Majeed, Ph.D., Vladimir Badmaev, M.D., Ph.D., Uma Shivakumar, Ph.D., R. Rajendran, M.S., page 12. 12 Ibid 13 Ibid 14 Ibid 15 Li, C. J. Et al. (1993). Three inhibitors of human type 1 immunodeficiency virus long terminal repeat directed gene expression and virus replication. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., (USA) 90, 1893. 16 Copeland, R. Et al. (1994). Curcumin therapy in HIV-infected patients initially increased CD-4 and CD-8 counts. Int. Conf. AIDS, Abst. No. PB0876. 17Soni, K.B. et al. Reversal of aflatoxin induced liver damage by turmeric and curcumin, Cancer Lett., 66, 115, 1992 18Encyclopedia of Natural Medicine , Murray, M., Pizzorno, J.. pg. 133-134. 19Vorberg, G., Ginkgo biloba Extract (GBE): a Long-term Study of Chronic Cerebral Insufficiency in Geriatric Patients, Clinical Trials Journal , vol 22, pg 149-157, 1985. 20Droy-Lefaiz, M.T., Culzel, J., Menerath, J.M., Bonhomme, B, Doly, M. Antioxidant Effect of a Ginkgo biloba Extract (Egb 761) on the Retina. Int. J. Tissue React ., vol 17(3), pg. 93-100, 1995. 21Pietri, S. , Seguin, J.R., d’Arbigny P, Drieu, K., Culcas, M. Ginkgo biloba Extract (Egb 761) pretreatment Limits Free Radical-induced Oxidative Stress in Patients Undergoing Coronary Bypass Surgery. Cardiovascular Drugs Ther. vol 11(2), pg. 121-131, 1997. 22Facino, R.M. et al. Free Radicals Scavenging Action and Anti-enzyme Activities of Procyanidines from Vitis Vinifera. A Mechanism for Their Capillary Protective Action. Arzneim-Forsch, vol. 44, pg 592-601, 1994 23Bond, GG, et al., Nutrition and Cancer, vol.9, p.109, 1987 24 Maryce M. Jacobs, Vitamin and Minerals in the Prevention and Treatment of Cancer, , pg. 32 25Bendich, A., Clinical Nutrition, vol.7, p.113, p.123, 1989 26Bendich, A., Journal of Nutrition, vol. 119, p.112, 1989 27Winkler, B.S., Orselli, S. M., Rex, T.S. The Redox Couple Between Glutathione and Ascorbic Acid: A Chemical and Physiological Approach. Free Rad. Biol. Med . vol. 17 (4), pg. 333-349, 1994. 28Bray, T.M., Taylor, C.G. Tissue Glutathione, Nutrition, and Oxidative Stress. Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol., vol. 71, 746-751, 1993. 29Sprince, H., et al., Agents and Actions, vol. 5, no. 2, p. 164, 1975 30Shklar, G., et al., Journal of the National Cancer Institute, vol. 78, no.5, p.987, May 1987 31 Cook, MG, and McNamara, P., Cancer Research, vol.40, p.1329, Apr. 1980 32 Trickler, D., and Shklar, G., Journal of the National Cancer Institute, vol.78, no.1, p.165, Jan 1987 33 Earl Mindell’s Vitamin Bible, 1991 34Antioxidants: Your Complete Guide - Fight Cancer And Heart Disease, Improve our Memory, And Slow The Aging Process, by Carolyn Reuben L.AC., page 42, Prima Publishing, Rocklin, CA 95677 35Kim, JH, et al., Cancer Research, vol.44, p.102, Jan 1984 36Verma, Ak, et al., Cancer Research, vol.48, p.5754, Oct. 1989 37Castillo, MH, et al., American Journal Surgery, vol.158, p.351, Oct. 1989 38 Quillin, P (ed.), Aduvant Nutrition In Cancer Treatment, Cancer Treatment Research Foundation, 1993 39 Yoshida, m. Et al. The Effect of Quercetin on Cell Cycle Progression and Growth of Human Gastric Cancer Cells. FEBS Letters, 260, 10-13, 1990 40 Encyclopedia of Nutritional Supplements, by Michael T. Murray, N.D. page 324 - 331 41Packer, L. Tritschler, H.J., Wessel, K. Neuroprotection by the Metabolic Antioxidant Alpha-lipoic Acid. Free Radic Biol Med. vol 22(1-2), pg 359-378, 1997. 50 Leibovitz, B. Et al. Dietary Supplements of Vitamin E, Beta-carotene, Coenzyme Q10, and Selenium Protect Tissues Against Lipid Peroxidation in jRat Tssue Slices. Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 120, 97-104, 1990 51Antioxidants Your Complete Guide, by Carolyn Reuben, pg. 148-149 52 Folkers, K. Et al. Survival of Cancer Patients on Therapy with CoQ10. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 192:1, 241-245, 1993 53 Lockwood, K. Et al. Partial and Complete Regression of Breast Cancer in Relation to Dosage of Coenzyme Q10. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 100, 1504-1508, 1994 54 Good, R.A. et al. Nutrition, immunity and Cancer - A Review.” Clinical Bulletin, 9:3-12, 63-75, 1979 55 Schrauzer, G.N. “Selenium for the Cancer Patient. Adjuvant Nutrition in Cancer Treatment Symposium, Tampa, Florida (Sept. 29, 1995). 56 Petrie, H.T. Differential Regulation of Lymphocyte Functional Activities by Selenium. (University of Nebraska Medical Center, 1988). 57 Iiip, C., and Sinha, D., Carcinogenesis, vol.2, no.5, p.435, 1981 58Vitamins and Minerals in the Prevention and Treatment of Cancer, pg. 101 59 Watrach, AM, et al., Cancer Letters , vol. 25, p.41, 1984 60Shamberger, R.J. and Frost, D.V., Possible protective effect of selenium against human cancer, Can. Med. Assn. J., 104, 82, 1969 61Shamberger, R.J., Relationship of selenium to cancer. I. Inhibitory effect of selenium on carcinogenesis, J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 44, 932, 1970 62 Schrauzer, G. N., White, D.A., and Schneider, C.J., Cancer mortality correlation studies. IV. Associations with Dietary intakes and blood levels of certain trace elements, notable Se-antagonists, Bioinorg. Chem., 7, 35, 1977 63 Yu, S.Y., Chu, Y.J., Gong,X.L., Hou, C., Li, W.G., Gong, H.M., and Xie, J.R., Regional variation of cancer mortality incidence and its relation to selenium levels in China, Biol. Trace Elem. Res., 7, 21, 1985 64 Schrauzer, G.N., White, D.A., and Schneider, C.J., Cancer mortality correlation studies. IV. Associations with dietary intakes and blood levels of certain trace elements, notable Se-antagonists, Bioinorg. Chem., 7, 35, 1977 65Vitamins and Minerals in the Prevention and Treatment of Cancer, by Maryce M. Jacobs, pg. 104. 66 Schrauzer, G.N. “Selenium in Nutritional Cancer Prophylaxis: An Update.” Vitamins, Nutrition and Cancer, edited by Prosad, K. N. (Basel, Switzerland: Karger, 1984) 67 Ibid 68Lomaestro, B. and Margaret Malone. Glutathione in Health and Disease: Pharmoctherapeutic Issues, The Annnals of Pharmacotherapy, vol 29, pg 1263, 1995. 69Palermo, MS, et al., International Journal of Immunopharmacology, vol.8, no.6, p.651, 1986 70Rueben, C. Antioxidants: Your Complete Guide. Pg 170. 71 Ibid, pg 57 72Jepsen, S. et al. Antioxidant treatment with N-acetylcysteine during adult respiratory distress syndrome: a prospective, radomized, placebo-controlled study. Critical Care Medicine , vol 20 (7), 918-923, 1992. 73 Ibid 74An Alternative Medicine DefinitiveGuide to Cancer, by W. John Diamond, M.D., W. Lee Cowden, M.D., and Burton Goldberg, pg, 868 75 Ibid 76Toborek, M.; Henning, B. Fatty acid-mediated effects on the glutathione redox cycle in cultured endothelial cells. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol 5, 59-60, 1994. 77 Ibid 78 Boik, J. Amino Acids. Cancer and Natural Medicine: aA Texbook of Basic Science and Clinical Research. Pg 139-140. 79 Ibid 80 Julius, M, Lang, C.A., Gleiberman, L., DiFranceisco, W., Schork, A. Glutathione and Morbidity in a Community-based Sample of Elderly. J. Clin Epidemiol., vol 47, 1021-1026, 1994.